Against all odds: The history of archaeological research in Somaliland and Somalia

This article presents an overview of the history of archaeological work in Somaliland and Somalia from the late nineteenth century to the present, situating that work within its ever-changing social and political contexts. It also assesses the current challenges and opportunities that archaeological practice faces in both regions. Despite numerous obstacles—including political instability, a fragmented academic community, and defijiciencies in the publication and dissemination of fijindings in multiple research languages—the article contends that the extensive data from previous and current archaeological studies, if assembled and properly utilized, can shed light on a range of key questions in the prehistory and history of the Horn of Africa. Finally, the article notes the growing threats to the archaeological and historical heritage in the region, and suggests how institutions, academics and the Somali community can join effforts to protect and preserve the remains of one of the most impressive African heritages.The Incipit-CSIC project has been funded by the State Programme for Scientific Research of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (HAR2013–48495-C2–1-P) between 2014 and 2017 and by the Palarq Foundation since 2017 to the present. The author’s research is funded by the European Union Research and Innovation Framework Programme, Horizon 2020, through the Marie Curie Actions Individual Fellowships (Proposal 795442)