Testing Aspects of Superdielectric Behavior [video]

NPS Defense Energy SeminarTo further test a theory of the recently discovered phenomenon of superdielectric behavior, the dielectric constants of several classes of superdielectric materials (SDM) were tested including ‘pastes’ composed of refractory oxide powders filled to the point of incipient wetness with water containing dissolved sodium chloride and other salts, anodized titania with an array of hollow tubes, also filled with salt solutions, nylon fabric filled with salt solutions and even simple, thin membranes filled with salt solution. Dielectric constants as high as 1011, approximately six orders of magnitude higher than any previously reported, were measured. Energy densities as high as 400 J/cm3 and power densities as high as 100 J/s*cm3 were measured. Moreover, dielectric constants, energy and power density as a function of discharge time was determined. Extrapolation of the measured values to match the reported energy densities of batteries during slow discharge indicates capacitors employing SDM, so-called Novel Paradigm Supercapacitors (NPS), rival the energy density of lithium ion batteries. The implication is that capacitors, cheaper, more durable and far faster to recharge, may someday replace batteries in every application. It is notable that all results are consistent with this recently postulated model of superdielectric behavior in porous, non-conductive materials saturated with ion-containing liquids. Upon the application of an electric field ions dissolved in the saturating liquid contained in the pores will travel to the ends of pore filling liquid droplets creating giant dipoles. The fields of these giant dipoles oppose the applied field, reducing the net field created per unit of charge on the capacitor plates, effectively increasing charge/voltage ratio, hence capacitance. Other observations reported herein include; i) the impact of ion identity/concentration on dielectric values, ii) a maximum voltage similar to that associated with the electrical breakdown of water, iii) the behavior of controls, and iv) the potential value of non-aqueous electrolytes