In 1774, the physician Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815) rediscovered magnetic therapy in Vienna. He tried to explain this healing method on the basis of an invisible subtle fluid that should fill the entire universe, pervade the matter contained in it and that could be controlled to heal diseases. Mesmer’s therapy was enhanced in France by his disciple Armand Marie Jacques de Chastenet, Marquis de Puységur (1751-1825), who discovered artificial somnambulism, a state in which the somnambulist is given a modified and enlarged awareness. In a sympathetic rapport with the magnetiser, the somnambulist displays an intensive mental activity and is capable of auto- and allodiagnoses, -medications and -therapies. Afterwards, animal magnetism also gain...