Fires and land-cover change in the tropics: a remote sensing analysis at the landscape scale

Aim Fires are an important landscape disturbance which interact in a complex way with land-use and land-cover change. The objective of this study is to understand the role of fires in vegetation-cover change and, conversely, the role of land use as a controlling factor of fires. Location The study sites are located in Mate Grosso, Brazil, in Central Africa and on the border between Kenya and Tanzania. Methods The role of vegetation fire is addressed through a landscape-scale analysis of the spatial association between maps of active fires and maps of land-cover change derived from remote sensing data for the different sites in Africa and South America. Results The empirical results of this study clearly support the idea that fires have widely varying impacts on land cover in savanna and forest ecosystems. Fires play different roles within the different components of landscape mosaics and at different times of the land-cover change trajectory. The impact of fires on vegetation is mainly controlled by land use. Conclusions There is thus a need to consider the socioeconomic purpose of biomass burning and the context in which such activities are undertaken. In forest ecosystems, a statistically significant relationship exists between the occurrence of fires and forest-cover changes. One could not conclude however, that fires are always the cause of the change in land cover, nor that fires are a reliable indicator of 'hot spots' of deforestation. Current low spatial resolution information on fire activity derived from remote sensing systems can be prone to inaccuracies due to a poor co-location of fire with respect to land-cover data, and temporal sampling problems affecting fire data