Self-discipline: Do we lack it… or do we need it more than ever?

Since the Age of Enlightenment, liberal theorists were able to determine the extent of exercised freedom by individuals. However, the omitted question is: what is the definition of freedom? My research aims to investigate the challenge proposed by Max Stirner, 19th century German Anarchist, and Michel Foucault, 20th century French Activist, to the Liberal conception of freedom. Via Foucault’s care of the self and Stirner’s ownness, critically ontological evaluation has taken place in the field of Political Philosophy. Stirner’s and Foucault’s positions clarify the need of ontological stable or self-disciplined individuals, who take responsibility for their contribution to the society. In this research, the methodology undertaken is the examination of primary literature: The Ego and Its Own (1844) and The History of Sexuality: Vol 3 (1986). Selection of secondary literature is used to pose criticisms of the presented stances of both thinkers. Both philosophers by means of de-constructing societal structures within modern society provide helpful insights to our modern ethics. Whilst Stirner points that we should be more brave in expressing our individuality and will to live, Foucault clarifies that we are social animals intertwined into the complex system of power-relations and we are as much creating as dismantling of our society. Through their radical lenses, both thinkers conclude that contemporary individuals need to think critically about their impact on themselves, others and the society they belong to; this becomes relevant in our globalised, fast-moving world