EM algorithm-based timing synchronization in turbo receivers

The paper addresses the issue of estimating the sampling instant in turbo receivers. The proposed synchronizer is based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and takes benefit from the soft information delivered by the turbo system. Performance of the proposed synchronizer is illustrated by simulation results. In particular, the mean and the variance of the estimator as well as the bit error rate reached by the synchronized system are reported.Anglai