Regards croisés de femmes musulmanes de trois générations au Brésil : l'image de soi et la construction d'identité

This work presents the results of a research on the experience of immigration from Muslim women of Lebanese origin in Brazil, and on the assimilation of this immigration across three generations. In one family, that meant across four generations, which has greatly enriched the study. I have started this research wondering how women of Lebanese origin, Truzzi, (2002), find their place as a Muslim, Osman, 1998; Gattaz, (2001), immigrant Ciprut (2007), in Brazil, being members of a minority community in a city and a country where the national religion is Christian, not the same as theirs, and how they have lived there the painful experience of immigration. How to know without going there, not daring plunge into the reality of this culture so unknown to us, Brazilians who inhabit this land home for these people, Brazil, this country of extraordinary cultural diversity, where all coexist quite well, despite the differences that each entity brings with itself, with its history and hope. We can, indeed, think that everyone should succeed to rebuild himself in this new life and he should continue his own life by becoming a partner with the others, Brazilians and foreigns, and even helping himself to build Brazil his new home, from which he enjoys the sun and the joy of living. Obviously, we must not forget the social, socioeconomic and sociopolitical problems proper to Brazil, which tries to escape for a while. No doubt, the path is still long, arduous and certainly not at all easy to get to reduce social injustice and to offer people a decent life, meeting their basic needs. Even though the reality is there, always present under the sky of 200 million Brazilian people, perseverance in the effort to find a more dignified life is imbued with hope and stimulates positively to always build projects for the future. The goal of the research is to examine the influence of psychosocial factors that played during the immigration and to see how was the process of assimilation and acculturation for Muslim women from the first generation. It is also about approaching the way how identity has been constructed or reconstructed in persons of the first generation, but also in those of following generations, i.e. observing how transmission occurs, Cyrulnik (2007), from one generation to another, Doise (1999). My view is focused on what may promote links between the cultural richness that these women, Waniez and Brustlein (2001), bring with them when they arrive at Brazil and the Brazilian reality to which they face: the culture of this host country and the particular context of the relationships they forge inside and with this community in Brazil. Also, my attention is turned secondly to the intergenerational relationships over three or four generations, and especially to what is transmitted between mothers and daughters, that is to say, the relationship established between them, but also between grandmothers and granddaughters. I wish to go further and to find out what is the effect of exile on the feminine reality and between generations, Brackelaire (1995). In this these I will show the most remarkable aspects of the research. The first part includes the methodological issues in identifying the most significant features of the approach. The second part browses the main conclusions arising from the "corpus" with the elements that have emerged as the most obvious to guide analysis.Partant d’une recherche réalisée en 2006, à Foz do Iguaçu, (dans l’état du Paraná-Brésil), cet article a pour objectif de présenter les résultats de l’enquête réalisée auprès de vingt femmes musulmanes, d’origine libanaise, immigrantes, sur trois générations (même quatre, dans un cas de la même famille) de mères et filles. Les résultats et ses analyses sont basés sur les problématiques communes dans tous les récits, réparties sur quatre grands volets : l’immigration, l’image de soi, la transmission et projets. Ces volets visent montrer comment se passe la transmission culturelle d’une génération à l’autre et comment la dernière génération a assimilé le croisement entre les deux cultures : arabe et brésilienne. La recherche éclaire aussi la question importante à savoir : comment ces jeunes filles arrivent à gérer ce conflit socioculturel avec elles-mêmes, avec leurs familles et avec la communauté brésilienne. Celle-ci c’est une question que permet d’ouvrir de nouvelles réflexions et recherches.(PSY 3) -- UCL, 201