Design of an automatic hybrid water heating system

Abstract: Electrical water heaters accounts for about 30-50% of energy consumption and expenditure in residential premises. Hence, the need to seek for an alternative way to meet this essential demand of consumers through affordable and environmental-friendly methods. Therefore, an automatic hybrid water heating system (AHWHS) is proposed in this work, using power supply from either the utility grid or an installed solar panel depending on certain factors such as availability and cost of solar resource, availability and cost of utility grid supply, water demand by consumers, energy storage capacity, tariff, etc. The AHWHS was designed and constructed by charging a battery from either the utility grid or solar panel, which then provides electric power to a direct current coil element to heat up the water needed for use in the home. The AHWHS was found to reduce household energy expenditure by 68.33% and 71.59% during low and high demand seasons respectively