Mobile augmented reality survey: a bottom-up approach

Augmented Reality (AR) is becoming mobile. Mobile devices have many constraints but also rich new fea- tures that traditional desktop computers do not have. There are several survey papers on AR, but none is dedicated to Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR). Our work serves the purpose of closing this gap. The con- tents are organized with a bottom-up approach. We first present the state-of-the-art in system components including hardware platforms, software frameworks and display devices, follows with enabling technologies such as tracking and data management. We then survey the latest technologies and methods to improve run-time performance and energy efficiency for practical implementation. On top of these, we further in- troduce the application fields and several typical MAR applications. Finally we conclude the survey with several challenge problems, which are under exploration and require great research efforts in the future