Cordow-based optimal congestion pricing

In this paper, the second-best cordon-based congestion-pricing scheme is investigated, including optimal selection of both toll levels and toll locations. Transportation network is viewed as a directed graph, and the concept of cutset in graph theory is introduced to describe the mathematical properties of a toll cordon by examining the incidence matrix of the network. Social welfare maximization with or without inclusion of implementation cost of toll charge is sought subject to elastic travel demand in general networks. Optimization models with mixed (integer and continuous) variables are formulated for determining toll levels and toll locations simultaneously. The uniform toll level on a given toll cordon is. sought by one-dimension algorithm, moreover, binary genetic algorithm is applied to search optimal toll locations dynamically