Pembaharuan hukum waris Islam di Indonesia: Telaah sosio historis pembaharuan waris Islam menuju Kompilasi Hukum Islam

INDONESIA: Waris merupakan ajaran sekaligus ketentuan hukum yang sudah melembaga dan menjadi salah satu sendi kehidupan dalam masyarakat. Persoalan waris di Indonesia telah diatur dalam berbagai sistem hukum, seperti hukum adat, hukum agama, maupun hukum positif warisan Belanda. Sebagai upaya mengurangi kemungkinan pe rs elisih a n, perpecahan, atau penafsiran yang berbeda akibat pluralisme hukum yang diberlakukan, jika terjadi sengketa, maka masalah waris perlu dirumuskan, diatur secara rinci dan diperkuat dalam suatu aturan perundang-undangan. Kelahiran Kompilasi Hukum Islam merupakan respon terhadap persoalan pluralitas hukum, khususnya hukum waris yang berlaku bagi umat Islam. Meskipun demikian, sebagai produk pembaharuan hukum tidak menutup kemungkinan pemberlakuan KHI menimbulkan kontroversi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor latar belakang perubahan hukum waris dari faraid menjadi KHI, proses epistemologi tasyri' waris dalam KHI, dan tujuan dari perubahan-waris di Indonesia secara sosiologis dan historis. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan termasuk dalam penelitian hukum normatif atau penelitian hukum kepustakaan. Data penelitian diperoleh dari bahan hukum primer yaitu Kompilasi Hukum Islam, bahan hukum sekunder seperti pemikiran para sarjana tentang Kompilasi Hukum Islam berkaitan dengan masalah waris, dan bahan hukum tersier seperti Kamus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahirnya Kompilasi Hukum Islam bukan dari ruang hampa, akan tetapi ada kondisi sosial, politik, dan hukum yang mendukung. Penyusunan KHI dapat dipandang sebagai suatu proses transformasi hukum Islam dalam bentuk tidak tertulis ke dalam Peraturan perundang-undangan. Dalam penyusunannya dapat dirinci pada dua tahapan. Pertama, tahapan pengumpulan bahan baku, yang digali dari berbagai sumber baik tetulis maupun tidak tertulis. Kedua, tahapan perumusan yang didasaran kepada Peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan sumber hukum Islam (AlQur'an dan Sunnah Rasul), khususnya ayat dan teks yang berhubungan dengan substansi KHI. Meskipun memuat hal baru dalam kewarisan seperti ahli waris pengganti, KHI masih mengikuti pola pikir fiqh tentang pembagian harta waris antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Hal ini memicu banyak protes, khususnya dari aktivis perempuan yang kemudian memunculkan ide pembagian yang sama dalam Counter Legal Draft Kompilasi Hukum Islam (CLD-KHI). ENGLISH: Heir to the teachings as well as legal provisions that have been institutionalized and become one of the joint lives of the people. The issue of inheritance in Indonesia have been arranged in various legal systems, such as customary law, religious law, as well as the positive law of the Dutch heritage. In an effort to reduce the possibility of strife, divisions, or different interpretations due to the effect of legal pluralism, in the event of a dispute, then the problem of inheritance need to be formulated, regulated in detail and reinforced in a statutory rule. The Birth Compilation of Islamic Law in response to a plurality of legal issues, particularly inheritance law applicable to Muslims. Nevertheless, as a product of law reforms did not rule enforcement KHI caused controversy. The purpose of this study is to describe the background factors of inheritance law changes faraid to KHI, the epistemological constitution, inheritance in KHI, and purpose of the change-of-inheritance in Indonesia in sociological and historical. Research methods used included in the normative legal research or legal research literature. The research data obtained from the primary legal materials Compilation of Islamic Law, secondary legal materials such as scholars thought about the Compilation of Islamic Law relating to the issue of inheritance, and tertiary legal materials such as dictionary. The results showed that the birth of the Compilation of Islamic Law is not of a vacuum, but there are social, political, and legal support. Preparation of KHI can be viewed as a process of transformation in the form of Islamic law is not written into the laws and regulations. In its formulation can be specified in two stages. First, the stage of collecting raw materials, were excavated from various sources, both written and unwritten. Second, the formulation stage based on the laws and regulations in force and source of Islamic law (Qur'an and Sunnah), in particular paragraph and text associated with the substance of KHI. Although it contains nothing new in the inheritance as the heir successor, KHI still follow the fiqh thinking about estate division between men and women. This has sparked many protests, particularly from women activists who later led to the idea that the same division in the Counter Legal Draft Compilation of Islamic Law (CLD-KHI)