Political Correctness and Affirmative Action are core issues of America’s difficult search for cultural identity. However, a policy of differential treatment of categorized ethnicities is likely to cause complex and dynamic identities to become static and one-dimensional. This in turn is a factor of social destabilization. The basic assumption of ethnicity as a fixed social or racial category is not only an over-simplification, but a policy focussing on group rights changes the character of the groups themselves and even stimulates growing isolation between them. The paper’s argumentation is based on observations on the historical process of group identity-forming in Western African societies. They provide the example of how ethnic identity...