The former-Soviet energy system: Ways of getting out of the crisis?

The former Soviet Union, in common with the other ex–socialist countries of central and eastern Europe, faces an uncertain period of industrial and social reform. One thing, however, is clear, the future economy of the former USSR will be less energy intensive than it has been in the past. To improve energy efficiency will need capital and time, both of which can only be made available as a result of profound revisions in energy concepts and policies. R&D collaboration between East and West can contribute greatly to the resolution of energy–related economic problems