PEMBERIAN KALSIUM DAN VITAMIN D PADA WANITA HAMIL SEBAGAI LANGKAH MENCEGAH KEJADIAN PREEKLAMSIA

The incidence of preeclampsia is still high in developing countries like Indonesia. Based on several studies, calcium and vitamin D play an important role during pregnancy, mainly associated with prevention of preeclampsia. Therefore, this literature review will review the role of these two substances which are important in opposing preeclampsia. A systematic review reports high doses of calcium supplementation (≥1g/day) associated with a reduction in the incidence of preeclampsia (13 studies, 15,730 women: RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.65; I2 = 70%). While calcium supplementation with low doses (≤1g/day) can reduce the risk of preeclampsia more significantly. A meta-analysis, indirectly estimate the effects of calcium, vitamin D, or a combination of these. The results showed that the efficacy of supplementation was: vitamin D (47.4%), calcium (31.6%) and calcium plus vitamin D (19.6%). Studies conducted in the United Kingdom, Spain, Poland and the US failed to find a significant relationship between vitamin D and preeclampsia. However, most studies in pregnant women generally find an association between maternal vitamin D status and early onset preeclampsia. Calcium has the potential to reduce the risk of preeclampsia. Vitamin D also has the potential to reduce the risk of preeclampsia. However, research on the role of vitamin D in preventing the risk of preeclampsia is still inconsistent. Therefore, a prospective study design or case control study with a large, multi-center sample is required