Integrating Sphere Theory

The first part of this workshop will cover the basic physics of Lambertian materials and integrating spheres and provide a practical understanding of the “rules of thumb” for sphere design based on the use-case. Course material will cover many common applications such as light measurement, laser power measurements, reflectance and transmittance measurements, quantum efficiency and other uses focusing on new users and practical applications. The second part of the course is focused on using integrating spheres as uniform sources and ultimately, as absolute calibration references. Discussion will move from theory to practice and specifications. Case studies on real satellite calibration with world-class uncertainties will be given with the experts involved in these projects