Environmental opportunist pathogens are a class of organisms that are able to both infect multicellular hosts and grow in the outside-host environment as free-living organisms. Environmental opportunism differs from obligate parasitism in that direct host-to-host contact is not necessary for disease transmission and that there are environmental pathogen reservoirs which in suitable conditions act as sources of infection. Because of this, environmental opportunist pathogens form a persistent threat to human health, livestock, and wildlife, and cannot be eradicated by treating hosts. Three well-known examples of pathogens of this class are Vibrio cholerae, Flavobacterium columnare, and Bacillus anthracis, all of which cause sporadic outbreaks...
Aerosol particles, which are solid or liquid particles suspended in the air reduce air quality as we...
Climate change will influence the living conditions of all life on Earth. For some species the chang...
Surface-atmosphere exchange of momentum, energy and atmospheric constituents affects the atmosphere-...
At the very core of the evolution of living organisms lie interactions with other species. Between t...
Multiple infection of individuals is rather the rule than the exception and surveys of wild populati...
Compared to solitary insects, the social organization and interactions in eusocial insects are expec...
Anthropogenic pressures have pushed both climate and ecosystems to the point that their stability an...
Defence against pathogens is a vital need of all living organisms that has led to the evolution of c...
All species are adapted to certain climatic conditions, outside of which they cannot survive. Change...
This article-based dissertation aims to understand by means of mathematical models how organisms evo...
The Baltic Sea is a shallow brackish water ecosystem. It is naturally prone to eutrophication, and m...
Native faunas and floras are especially susceptible to negative effects of invasive alien species in...
Herbivorous insects, their host plants and natural enemies form the largest and most species-rich co...
Maapallon lajirikkaimmat eliöyhteisöt muodostuvat kasveista, kasvinsyöjähyönteisistä ja niitä saalis...
Plant invasions cause a serious threat to native biodiversity. Agricultural habitats are highly dist...
Aerosol particles, which are solid or liquid particles suspended in the air reduce air quality as we...
Climate change will influence the living conditions of all life on Earth. For some species the chang...
Surface-atmosphere exchange of momentum, energy and atmospheric constituents affects the atmosphere-...
At the very core of the evolution of living organisms lie interactions with other species. Between t...
Multiple infection of individuals is rather the rule than the exception and surveys of wild populati...
Compared to solitary insects, the social organization and interactions in eusocial insects are expec...
Anthropogenic pressures have pushed both climate and ecosystems to the point that their stability an...
Defence against pathogens is a vital need of all living organisms that has led to the evolution of c...
All species are adapted to certain climatic conditions, outside of which they cannot survive. Change...
This article-based dissertation aims to understand by means of mathematical models how organisms evo...
The Baltic Sea is a shallow brackish water ecosystem. It is naturally prone to eutrophication, and m...
Native faunas and floras are especially susceptible to negative effects of invasive alien species in...
Herbivorous insects, their host plants and natural enemies form the largest and most species-rich co...
Maapallon lajirikkaimmat eliöyhteisöt muodostuvat kasveista, kasvinsyöjähyönteisistä ja niitä saalis...
Plant invasions cause a serious threat to native biodiversity. Agricultural habitats are highly dist...
Aerosol particles, which are solid or liquid particles suspended in the air reduce air quality as we...
Climate change will influence the living conditions of all life on Earth. For some species the chang...
Surface-atmosphere exchange of momentum, energy and atmospheric constituents affects the atmosphere-...