The objective of this research is to re-evaluate the debates around the sustainability of development based on the exploitation of raw materials by analysing the recent dynamics of commodity prices in a long-term perspective. This research is based on the hypothesis that the entry of commodity prices into a high price regime would constitute an opportunity for emergence for a change in the sustainable development trajectory of West African economies. Indeed, in the early 2000s, West African countries resumed economic growth, averaging 6 % annually (OECD, 2013). This renewed growth is taking place in an external and internal context of the implementation of new regulatory methods in the primary sector. But above all, the renewal of West Afri...