Network Architectures in Internet of Vehicles (IoV): Review, Protocols Analysis, Challenges and Issues

International audienceSince some decades ago, the evolution of the internet continues to revolutionize many aspects of human life. It started by connecting computers, then smartphones before it becomes generalized to connecting everything which gives birth to the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Thanks to the telecommunication and technologies' advancements, vehicles are now able to have internet access and communications capabilities, thus, making communications networks called Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). The Internet of Vehicles is, therefore, an evolution of VANETs where IoT is applied and in which the main component is the vehicle. Besides the many opportunities that IoV presents, there are still many challenges and issues that must be considered with great attention such as efficient and reliable network architectures that should provide an efficient IoV deployment. This is why, in this paper, we have made our contribution by establishing a review of existing novel IoV architecture solutions and we further propose a protocol stack analysis of these architectures