Approximate subgradients and coderivatives in Rⁿ

We show that in two dimensions or higher, the Mordukhovich-Ioffe approximate subdifferential and Clarke subdifferential may differ almost everywhere for real-valued Lipschitz functions. Uncountably many Fréchet differentiable vector-valued Lipschitz functions differing by more than constants can share the same Mordukhovich-Ioffe coderivatives. Moreover, the approximate Jacobian associated with the Mordukhovich-Ioffe coderivative can be nonconvex almost everywhere for Fréchet differentiable vector-valued Lipschitz functions. Finally we show that for vector-valued Lipschitz functions the approximate Jacobian associated with the Mordukhovich-Ioffe coderivative can be almost everywhere disconnected