Psychopharmacology: the use of medication to treat challenging behaviour in children and adolescents

The prominence of psychopharmacology and its evidence in treating severe psychiatric disorders supports the importance of neuropsychiatric brain processes. This chapter examines the six major neurotransmitters (glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine, serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine) in the human brain, and the available drugs that target them. Newer atypical neuroleptic agents, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications, and an approach to managing self-injurious behaviour are covered in greater detail. When prescribing medication to modulate behaviour in children and adolescents, the clinician must be cognisant of the neurotransmitter targeted. The complex interplay between drug, neuronal circuitry, and internal environment must be evaluated, and the child monitored for any adverse effects