3D numerical simulation of a lab-scale pressurized dense fluidized bed focussing on the effect of the particle-particle restitution coefficient and particle–wall boundary conditions

3D numerical simulations of dense pressurized fluidized bed are presented. The numerical prediction of the mean vertical solid velocity are compared with experimental data obtained from Positron Emission Particle Tracking. The results show that in the core of the reactor the numerical simulations are in accordance with the experimental data. The time-averaged particle velocity field exhibits a large-scale toroidal (donut shape) circulation loop. Two families of boundary conditions for the solid phase are used: rough wall boundary conditions (Johnson and Jackson, 1987 and No-slip) and smooth wall boundary conditions (Sakiz and Simonin, 1999 and Free-slip). Rough wall boundary conditions may lead to larger values of bed height with flat smooth wall boundary conditions and are in better agreement with the experimental data in the near-wall region. No-slip or Johnson and Jackson׳s wall boundary conditions, with sufficiently large value of the specularity coefficient (ϕ≥0.1)(ϕ≥0.1), lead to two counter rotating macroscopic toroidal loops whereas with smooth wall boundary conditions only one large macroscopic loop is observed. The effect of the particle-particle restitution coefficient on the dynamic behaviour of fluidized bed is analysed. Decreasing the restitution coefficient tends to increase the formation of bubbles and, consequently, to reduce the bed expansion