Does a recreational swimming program improve the self-esteem of children and adolescents with physical disabilities: possible underlying mechanisms

The self-esteem of children with physical disabilities has received relatively little attention in the past and the psychosocial benefits of physical activity programs for children and adolescents with a physical disability remain relatively unknown. An 8-week recreational swimming program was implemented to determine such benefits. The recreational program integrated physical activity and social interaction for participant development. Observations, questionnaires, and interviews were conducted to determine changes in physical and social behavior and self-esteem. A pre-post evaluation involving two children and four adolescents with cerebral palsy and spina bifida showed a significant improvement in their self-esteem. Observational data showed improved physical activity and social interaction and interviews supported these findings. During interviews respondents discussed perceived changes that occurred in physical and social domains and resulting growth and development including increased confidence, independence, and altered self-perceptions. Such findings indicate the importance of physical activity programs to the physical, social and psychological development of children and adolescents with physical disabilities