The Direct Involvement of the Arbitrator in the Amicable Settlement of the Dispute: Offering Preliminary Views, Discussing Settlement Options, Suggesting Solutions, Caucusing

This article explores the question whether and to what extent international arbitrators should become directly involved in the parties' efforts towards an amicable settlement of their dispute. It demonstrates that the controversy over the international arbitrator's role in the facilitation of settlements is just one example of a wider and long-standing debate on the proper role of a tribunal in international arbitral proceedings. The article favours a pragmatic approach based on party autonomy as the foundation of arbitration. The parties may very well agree to expand the tribunal's mandate so that the arbitrators may also act as conflict resolvers by facilitating a settlement of the parties' dispute. However, arbitrators may never impose their preliminary views on the parties or employ any other means to promote an amicable settlement against their will