THE ROLE OF ENDOSCOPIC METHODS OF DIAGNOSTIC REVIEW, THERAPY AND TREATMENT OF COLON TUMORS

Debelo crijevo (kolon) i ravno crijevo (rectum) završni su dijelovi digestivnog trakta u čovjeka. Većina karcinoma debelog crijeva nastaje iz ne-malignih tumora (polipa) unutarnjeg zida sluznice debelog crijeva. Najčešći tip raka debelog crijeva koji se javlja je adenokarcinom. Prema statistikama, rak debelog crijeva drugi je najčešći oblik raka u muškaraca, a treće mjesto zauzimaju u žena. Uzrok raka nije u potpunosti shvaćen, ali postoje mnogobrojni čimbenici povezani s rizicima od oboljenja( starost, genetske predispozicije, povijest upalne bolesti crijeva). Najbolju dijagnostiku raka debelog crijeva ostvarujemo endoskopskim metodama, gdje je kolonoskopija metoda izbora jer se osim direktnog vizualnog pristupa, tijekom pretrage izvodi i biopsija. Liječenje ovisi o stadiju i vrsti nastale lezije. Ono uključuje kirurško liječenje, sistemnu antitumorsku terapiju i/ili terapiju zračenjem.The colon and the rectum are the final parts of the digestive tract in humans. Most colon cancer arises from non-malignant tumors (polyps) of the inner wall of the colon. The most common type of colon cancer that occurs is adenocarcinoma. According to statistics, colon cancer is the second most common form of cancer in men, and the third is in women. The cause of cancer is not fully understood, but there are many factors associated with the risk of disease (age, genetic predisposition, history of inflammatory bowel disease). The best diagnosis of colon cancer is achieved by endoscopic methods, where the colonoscopy is the method of choice because, apart from the direct visual approach, the biopsy is performed during the search. Treatment depends on the stage and type of lesion. It includes surgeon treatment, systemic antitumor therapy and/or radiation therapy