IKITEISMINIO TYRIMO PRADĖJIMO MATERIALUSIS PAGRINDAS: TEORIJA IR PRAKTIKA

The subject of this article is to define the concept of material ground for opening (beginning) a pre-trial investigation, identify problems of legal regulation and practice, offer the solutions. Relying on constitutional jurisprudence, legal regulation and basic doctrine, the author criticises prevalent concept of a restrictive interpretation of material ground for opening a pre-trial investigation and the doctrine of so-called “verification” acts, as well as its practice. On the ground of scientific analysis, it is concluded, that the notion of “data of a criminal act” defined in Article 168 Para 1 of the CCP (Code of Criminal Process) means factual circumstances of a criminal act, hence necessary and sufficient material ground for opening a pre-trial investigation is a suspicion based on concrete factual circumstances of a criminal act that a criminal act has been committed (initial suspicion). While deciding to open pre-trial investigation, the law of evidence does not apply – all evidence are collected only after opening of a pre-trial investigation. Also it is concluded that while deciding to open a pre-trial investigation, the argument of ultima ratio is not applied and pre-trial investigation is commonly opened for difficult to interpret and apply criminal acts.Straipsnyje mėginama atskleisti ikiteisminio tyrimo pradėjimo materialųjį pagrindą, t. y. kokios informacijos pagrindu yra (privalo būti) pradedamas ikiteisminis tyrimas. Atsiremiant į konstitucinę jurisprudenciją ir pamatines doktrinos nuostatas, kritikuojamas įsivyravęs restriktyvus ikiteisminio tyrimo pradėjimo materialiojo pagrindo aiškinimas ir „patikrinamųjų“ veiksmų doktrina bei praktika, taip pat nepamatuotas ultima ratio argumento naudojimas, sprendžiant dėl ikiteisminio tyrimo pradėjimo