Chemical Compositions and Antiproliferative Effect of Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium Flowers in The West Anatolian Ecological Conditions

The aim of this was to assessment chemical composition, antiproliferative of valuable essential oils from Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium flowers commonly used in Anatolia. According to the results of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, nerolidol (22.13 %), linalool (14.06 %) were found to be highest in the essential oil obtained from C. sinensis. Nerolidol (28.07 %), 2,6,10-dodecatriene-1-ol (15.11 %), were found to be highest in the essential oil obtained from C. aurantium. The antiproliferative activity for both natural products was conducted following the European Pharmacopoeia 8.0 protocol. According to this protocol, we investigated both products for in vitro antiproliferative activity against HeLa, HT29, A549, Hep3B, MCF7 cancer cells and FL normal cells using a cell proliferation assay, cytotoxicity assay (LDH), and phase-contrast microscopic image evaluation techniques. Both essential oils exhibited the strong antiproliferative effect together with low cytotoxicity values at the low and mid concentration (1.9-2.9 Log10 μg/mL). Both samples altered the morphological shape of the cells from being cell shrinkage and rounding to being decreased cell elongation and volume at high concentration (2.9-4.4 Log10 μg/mL). However, these essentials oils caused high cytotoxic effect against FL normal cells compared to that of cancer cells, indicating that these were not promising suitable antiproliferative agents against cells tested. We believe that both essential oils need to be developed by making a more rational research because they have affected normal FL cells. As a conclusion, it seems substantial to continue to improve both essential oils to help the cancer problem further. © 2018, © 2018 Har Krishan Bhalla & Sons