Add to ORKGData on educational access show gender parity of pupils attending primary and secondary schools in transition countries. The aim of this analysis is to examine whether the gender balance in educational access translates also into gender equality in educational achievement. Besides a comparison of gender differences in mean achievement for transition and a benchmark group of OECD countries differences in boys’ and girls’ achievement distributions and determinants of gender inequality are examined. The reliability of results is increased by carrying out the analyses with three different educational achievement surveys: the Trends in International Maths and Science Study (TIMSS), the Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA) and the...