A study of the difficulties and instructional support related to spoken interaction in an EMI course for higher education students

The use of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in higher education is considered a vehicle in non-English speaking countries for the purpose of internationalization, enhancing students’ employability, and international competition. Many higher education institutions in Europe adapted their curriculum and started teaching in English, while enrolling international students from Erasmus programs and non-European countries. This study builds on an EMI course set within a Belgian university. Six L2 (English as a second Language) students were interviewed to identify and explore their motivation, difficulties, and instructional support as it relates to their spoken interaction during the class. The findings revealed that: (1) students’ motivation and Willingness To Communicate (WTC) during L2 spoken interaction was related to their English language self-efficacy, the study topic, and the learning environment; (2) students’ spoken interaction seemed restricted due to difficulties including academic language use, understanding the academic content, and their attitudes towards the learning activity; and (3) instructional support, namely, social-emotional, cognitive and language support, was perceived by students to boost their WTC and confidence to be involved in spoken interaction