International audienceIn 2009, the European Commission was mandated by the Parliament to draw up a development strategy for the development of wilderness areas. However, Europe is not known to have vast areas of wilderness or virgin nature, and in this context, considering wilderness areas in Europe seems counter-intuitive. The term has played a major cultural role since the 19th century in the countries born of British colonisation, before becoming a recurrent term in nature conservation strategies. However, its cultural and scientific meanings remain heterogeneous. The aim of this article is to reflect on what "wilderness" Europe can claim to refer to in order to promote an ecological strategy. The article draws on recent literature on wi...