Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease : a pan-European cohort study
- Sieri, Sabina
- Agnoli, Claudia
- Grioni, Sara
- Weiderpass, Elisabete
- Mattiello, Amalia
- Sluijs, Ivonne
- Sanchez, Maria Jose
- Jakobsen, Marianne Uhre
- Sweeting, Michael
- van der Schouw, Yvonne T.
- Nilsson, Lena Maria
- Wennberg, Patrik
- Katzke, Verena A.
- Kühn, Tilman
- Overvad, Kim
- Tong, Tammy Y.N.
- Conchi, Moreno Iribas
- Quirós, José Ramón
- García-Torrecillas, Juan Manuel
- Mokoroa, Olatz
- Gómez, Jesús Humberto
- Tjønneland, Anne
- Sonestedt, Emiliy
- Trichopoulou, Antonia
- Karakatsani, Anna
- Valanou, Elissavet
- Boer, Jolanda M.A.
- Verschuren, W. M.Monique
- Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine
- Fagherazzi, Guy
- Madika, Anne Laure
- Bergmann, Manuela M.
- Schulze, Matthias B.
- Ferrari, Pietro
- Freisling, Heinz
- Lennon, Hannah
- Sacerdote, Carlotta
- Masala, Giovanna
- Tumino, Rosario
- Riboli, Elio
- Wareham, Nicholas J.
- Danesh, John
- Forouhi, Nita G.
- Butterworth, Adam S.
- Krogh, Vittorio
DOIAbstract
BACKGROUND: High carbohydrate intake raises blood triglycerides, glucose, and insulin; reduces HDLs; and may increase risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiological studies indicate that high dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are associated with increased CHD risk. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary GI, GL, and available carbohydrates are associated with CHD risk in both sexes. METHODS: This large prospective study-the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-consisted of 338,325 participants who completed a dietary questionnaire. HRs with 95% CIs for a CHD event, in relation to intake of GI, GL, and carbohydrates, were estimated using covariate-adjusted Cox proport...
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