International audienceThe French-Lebanese Nahr Ibrahim Project was undertaken on the valley of this major river in Mount Lebanon. It aims to characterize the environmental impacts on forests, soils and water resources of landscape terracing (a typical feature of Mount Lebanon), and of settlement patterns in the Holocene. The definition of transitional periods and the timescales of changes are examined through archaeological and historical data, 14C datings, geology and soil science (paleosols), paleobotany (anthracology, carpology, phytholits), anthropology and ancient photographs (due to the Jesuit Fathers in the beginnings of the XX c.). The study of the Nahr Ibrahim watershed is linked to a multiscalar approach of the territory lying bet...