Characheristics of paper made from straw

Sodobna papirna industrija v veliki meri temelji na izdelavi papirja iz lesnih vlaken. Kot alternativa se uporabljajo tudi druga rastlinska vlakna enoletnih rastlin. V diplomskem delu je predstavljen papir, izdelan iz slame. V teoretičnem delu diplomskega dela sta predstavljena strojno izdelan papir iz lesnih vlaken in postopek recikliranja ter papir iz slame in postopek njegove izdelave. Namen diplomskega dela je opisati lastnosti papirja, definirane na podlagi meritev osnovnih, mehanskih in optičnih lastnosti. Narejena je bila primerjalna analiza papirja iz slame, in recikliranega papirja iz lesnih vlaken. Na podlagi rezultatov meritev lastnosti papirja je bilo preverjeno, v kolikšni meri je papir iz slamnatih vlaken, ki so krajša in vsebujejo manj celuloze, primerljiv s papirjem iz lesnih vlaken. Papir iz slame je bil izdelan v laboratorijskem oblikovalniku vzorčnih listov, kar je vplivalo na njegove osnovne, površinske in mehanske lastnosti, predvsem pa na neenakomernost površine. Ta papir je bolj voluminozen, ni klejen, ne vsebuje polnil, zato je bolj prepusten, vpojen in ima nekoliko slabše mehanske lastnosti. Ima pa zelo visoko opaciteto in je bolj rumen ter nizko stopnjo beline in svetlosti. Analiza je pokazala, da je papir, izdelan iz slame, v mehanskih lastnostih primerljiv s papirjem, izdelanim iz recikliranih vlaken, vendar ima nekoliko slabše površinske in optične lastnosti. Primeren je za izdelavo manj zahtevnih tiskovin in embalaže, z optimizacijo lastnosti in postopka izdelave pa bi lahko še bolj nadomestil papir iz recikliranih vlaken.The present-day paper industry is largely based on producing paper from wood fibers. Alternatively, other fibers from one-year-old plants can be used. The thesis subject is paper made from straw. The theoretical part of the thesis presents machine-made wood fiber paper, recycling process, and straw-sourced paper along with how it is produced. The thesis objective is to describe the traits of the paper, defining them on the results of measuring their basic, mechanical and optical characteristics. A comparative analysis of the straw-sourced and the wood fiber paper types was made. Based on the results of the analysis we reviewed to what extent the paper made of straw fibers, which are shorter and contain less cellulose, is comparable to the wood fiber paper. The straw sourced paper was engineered in a laboratory on an automatic sheet forming machine which affected its basic, surface and mechanical qualities, and specifically their dissimilarities. Paper made from straw has more volume, it does not contain neither sizing agents nor fillers, and is therefore more porous, absorbent, and has somewhat poorer mechanical properties. It has a higher opacity and yellowness, and lower whiteness and brightness. The analysis shows that the mechanical properties of the straw-sourced paper are comparable to the ones found in recycled paper, while the former does have slightly unfavorable surface and optical properties. It is suitable for manufacturing lower-grade print materials and packaging, albeit its use as a substitute for paper made from recycled fibers could be increased with some feature and manufacturing optimization