Occurrence and legal framework of police brutality

Policisti in policijska dejavnost je pomemben del vsakdana slehernega prebivalca, a imajo ti do nje in policijskih pooblastil pogosto ambivalenten odnos. Pri svojem delu policisti uporabljajo policijska pooblastila, s katerimi posegajo v človekove pravice in svoboščine, to pa zato, da jih lahko varujejo in po potrebi tudi zagotavljajo. Policijska pooblastila, tudi tista, ki vključujejo prisilo, so zakonita, dokler so uporabljena skladno z zakonskimi določili. Se pa zgodi, da policisti prekoračijo stroge omejitve uporabe prisile, s tem pa nastanejo kršitve, ki lahko v skrajnih primerih prerastejo v policijsko brutalnost. Policijska brutalnost je problem sodobne družbe, saj se v različnih oblikah pojavlja vsepovsod po svetu. V Sloveniji področje delovanja policije ureja več zakonov, a je za izvajanje nalog najpomembnejši Zakon o nalogah in pooblastilih policije, ki poleg nalog in pooblastil opredeljuje tudi področje prekoračitve pooblastil ter uporabo prisilnih sredstev. Temelj policijskega dela morajo predstavljati človekove pravice, zato smo v diplomski nalogi le-te podrobno opisali in analizirali njihovo razmerje do izvrševanja policijskih nalog in pooblastil. Opredelili smo tudi pojme prekoračitve pooblastil, s posebnim poudarkom na opisu policijske brutalnosti. Skozi diplomsko delo smo razložili pojem policijske brutalnosti, njene značilnosti in vzroke ter kako je pravno urejena v Sloveniji in v tujini. Pojav policijske brutalnosti smo analizirali skozi štiri analize primerov iz Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice. Ugotovili smo, da pravilen nadzor nad delom policistov predstavlja ključen dejavnik pri preprečitvi policijske brutalnosti.Police officers and policing are an important part of the daily life of every resident, but they often have an ambivalent attitude towards it. In their work, police officers use police authorizations that interfere with human rights and freedoms, so that they can protect them and, if necessary, provide them. Police authorizations, including those involving coercion, are lawful as long as they are used in accordance with legal provisions. However, it happens that police officers exceed the strict limits on the use of coercion, which results in violations that can, in extreme cases, escalate into police brutality. Police brutality is a problem of modern society as it occurs in various forms all over the world. In Slovenia, the field of police operation is regulated by several laws, but the most important for the execution of tasks is the Zakon o nalogah in pooblastilih policije, which, in addition to tasks and powers, also defines the area of exceeding powers and the use of coercive means. The basis of police work must be human rights, in this paper we described them in detail and analysed their relationship to the execution of police tasks and powers. We also defined the notions of abuse of power, with special emphasis on the description of police brutality. Through the paper work we explained the concept of police brutality, its characteristics and causes, and how it is legally regulated in Slovenia and abroad. The phenomenon of police brutality was analysed through four case studies from the European Court of Human Rights. We found that proper control over the work of police officers is a key factor in preventing police brutality