Development of eating disorders over time with an emphasis on anorexia nervosa

Uvod: Motnje hranjenja so v današnjem času pogost pojav, značilnejše so za ženski spol, vendar niso izvzeti niti moški. Med najpogostejše motnje hranjenja štejemo anoreksijo nervozo, ki je skupaj z bulimijo nervozo tudi najstarejša poznana motnja hranjenja. Metode: V zaključnem delu smo uporabili kvalitativno metodo raziskovanja, saj gre za sistematični pregled literature. Rezultati: Na osnovi zbranih dokazov smo lahko ugotovili, da sta se poznavanje in obravnava motenj hranjenja skozi čas zelo razvila. V 21. stoletju poznamo poleg anoreksije in bulimije nervoze tudi številne druge oblike motenj hranjenja, med katerimi jih je veliko še neraziskanih in neklasificiranih v Diagnostičnem in statističnem priročniku duševnih motenj. Razprava in sklep: Za anoreksijo nervozo je značilna kompleksnost bolezni, saj se za ekstremno suhostjo skrivajo številni genetični, okolijski, psihološki, čustveni in drugi dejavniki, ki lahko pripeljejo do nastanka te bolezni. Bolezen je težko obravnavati, saj osebo prizadene fizično in duševno. Medicinska sestra ima pomembno vlogo pri obravnavi pacienta z anoreksijo nervozo, saj je ona tista, ki pacienta spremlja čez celoten potek zdravljenja. V odnosu med medicinsko sestro in pacientom z anoreksijo nervozo je zagotovo najbolj pomemben terapevtski stik, za katerega mora pacient med hospitalizacijo razviti visoko raven zaupanja. Medicinska sestra potrebuje ogromno strokovnega znanja in empatije za delo s takšnim pacientom. V odnosu pa mora postaviti meje, s katerimi pacientu omogoči, da zopet prevzame nadzor nad svojim zdravjem.Introduction: In todays\u27 times, eating disorders are a common occurrence. They are more characteristic of the female sex, but men are not excluded either. Anorexia nervosa is one of the most common eating disorders, which is together with bulimia nervosa one of the oldest known eating disorders. Methods: In the final thesis, we used a qualitative research method, since we performed a systematic review of literature. Results: Based on the evidence collected, we were able to conclude that the knowledge and treatment of eating disorders has evolved over time. In the 21st century, in addition to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, there are many other forms of eating disorders, many of which are still unexplored and unclassified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Discussion and conclusion: Anorexia nervosa is characterized by the complexity of the disease, as extreme thinness hides many genetic, environmental, psychological, emotional and other factors that can lead to the onset of the disease. The disease is difficult to deal with because it affects the person physically and mentally. When treating a patient with anorexia nervosa, the nurse plays an important role, as she is the one who accompanies the patient throughout the course of treatment. In the relationship between the nurse and the patient with anorexia nervosa, the therapeutic contact that requires a high level of the patient’s confidence during hospitalization is the most important one. To work with such a patient, the nurse needs to have a great deal of expertise and empathy. In the relationship, however, she must set boundaries to allow the patient to regain control over his health