Effect of feeding mode on infant growth and cognitive function: study protocol of the Chilean infant Nutrition randomized controlled Trial (ChiNuT)

Background: A central aim for pediatric nutrition is to develop infant formula compositionally closer to human milk. Milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) have shown to have functional components that are found in human milk, suggesting that addition of bovine sources of MFGM (bMFGM) to infant formula may promote beneficial outcomes potentially helping to narrow the gap between infants who receive human breast milk or infant formula. The objective of the current study is to determine how the addition of bMFGM in infant formula and consumption in early infancy affects physical growth and brain development when compared to infants fed with a standard formula and a reference group of infants fed with mother's own milk.MethodsSingle center, double-blind, and parallel randomized controlled trial. Planned participant enrollment includes: infants exclusively receiving breast milk (n=200; human milk reference group; HM) and infants whose mothers chose to initiate exclusive infant formula feeding before 4months of age (n=340). The latter were randomized to receive one of two study formulas until 12months of age: 1) cow's milk based infant formula that had docosahexaenoic (DHA) (17mg/100kcal) and arachidonic acid (ARA) (25mg/100kcal); 1.9g protein/100kcal; 1.2mg Fe/100kcal (Standard formula; SF) or 2) a similar infant formula with an added source of bovine MFGM (whey protein-lipid concentrate (Experimental formula; EF). Primary outcomes will be: 1) Physical growth (Body weight, length, and head circumference) at 730days of age; and 2) Cognitive development (Auditory Event-Related Potential) at 730days of age. Data will be analyzed for all participants allocated to each study feeding group.DiscussionThe results of this study will complement the knowledge regarding addition of bMFGM in infant formula including support of healthy growth and improvement of neurodevelopmental outcomes.Trial registrationNCT02626143, registered on December 10th 2015.Mead Johnson Nutrition Company, LLC Mead Johnson Nutritio