Samnyttjande av parkeringsplatser : En jämförelse mellan kommunernas arbete och en undersökning huruvida GPS-baserad resvanedata kan öka samnyttjandepotentialen

The planning of cities today is headed towards a desire regarding a denser city where several functions can coexist in order to decrease the distances within the cities, and as a result also the need for travel. In order to achieve a higher density, one presumption is that there are areas that can be claimed. Another is that the land is used in the most efficient way possible, which is demanded by law that the Swedish municipalities work towards. Parking spaces is one example of areas with potential of decreasing in size, provided that the circulation of cars on the spaces increases. Shared parking means that one parking space is not reserved for one particular group or individual but is shared between different user groups with different time requirements. In that case, a parking space can be used more efficient and the total supply of parking spaces can decrease. In order to implement shared parking, however, the parking demand of different groups needs to be examined. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the demand for parking for different user groups by analysing GPS- based travel data and to discuss the limitations involved in using the data to analyse parking habits. Moreover, the report aims to investigate and compare how different municipalities in Sweden work with shared parking today. In order to carry out the investigations, the data that had already been gathered from four Swedish municipalities was treated in Excel in order to detect parking patterns. The results and the sources of error were then discussed. Furthermore, parking policies and strategies concerning the use of land from five municipalities have been studied, analysed and compared. The results showed that the travel data based on GPS has potential of contributing to an increased knowledge concerning shared parking. Nevertheless, there are some sources of errors that need to be considered and preferably dealt with once conducting the surveys. Firstly, the survey should be carried out for further than seven days to avoid that data is missing for the night and morning after the last day of the survey. Second, the numbers of cars included in the survey is hard to establish and third, the method is built upon the assumption that a car that is not used by the app user, equals a parked car. The results also show that all of the five municipalities include shared parking and increased density as something desirable, yet their efforts towards reaching those goals differ. The municipalities can become clearer in their work towards increasing the potential of shared parking. Some of the measures that can contribute to an increased potential includes tangible measures, clear positioning against car ownership as opposed to car usage in order to reduce the number of vehicles whose main purpose is to take up space but is seldom used