Overview of innovation policy affecting knowledge flows in EU member states.

In Europe, public policies affecting the production and dissemination of innovation-related knowledge are implemented at various levels of governance: supranational (European Union - EU), national (member states) and local. Supranational policies have been especially useful for establishing dense science and technology intensive networks across the continent. Primary policy tools serving that purpose have been the international cooperative research programmes such as those organized through the Research and Technology Development (RTD) Framework Programmes and EUREKA.