CONSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF THE EXPROPRIATION COMPENSATION

Izvlaštenje ili eksproprijacija predstavlja institut upravnog prava kojim država zahvatima u imovinska prava određenim subjektima oduzima ili ograničava ta prava u svoju korist ili u korist nekih drugih subjekata. Dok potpunim izvlaštenjem nekretnina postaje vlasništvo korisnika izvlaštenja čime prestaju pravo vlasništva i druga prava prijašnjeg vlasnika na toj nekretnini, nepotpunim izvlaštenjem ograničava se pravo vlasništva na nekretnini ustanovljenjem zakupa ili ustanovljenjem služnosti. U ovom ćemo se radu baviti ustavnopravnim aspektima određivanja naknade za potpuno izvlaštenje i osvrnuti na razvoj instituta izvlaštenja kao pravnog instituta u Hrvatskoj i u pojedinim europskim državama. Izložit ćemo i pojedine probleme vezane uz postupak određivanja naknade pri potpunom izvlaštenju te praksu Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske i Europskog suda za ljudska prava u Strasbourgu.Expropriation is an institute of Administrative Law by which the state intervenes in property rights of certain subjects and takes away or restricts those rights for its own benefit or for the benefit of other entities. While the complete expropriation of property becomes the full property of the user of expropriation that will cease the ownership and other rights of the former owner of the property, the incomplete expropriation restricts the ownership by establishing a lease or easement. The subject of expropriation is regularly an estate, which was esteemed to achieve a greater benefit used for the new purpose than it was before. The basic criterion for such a restriction or deprivation is the interest of the public that will exist if there is a need to build large infrastructure facilities such as roads, railways and hydroelectric power plants with its lake reservoirs. In order to build such facilities, it is necessary to deprive the land on which they are going to be built. The Croatian Constitution is based on the ethical principles that are expressed in its fundamental values. The social justice and the inviolability of ownership are two principles that will certainly find their place in the expropriation proceedings. Besides, Article 48 of the Constitution guarantees the right of ownership, and Article 50 prescribes that when in the interests of the Republic of Croatia it is possible to restrict or expropriate the ownership, with compensation of its market value. Finally, although the Croatian Constitutional Court has no direct jurisdiction in expropriation proceedings and determining compensation, the Constitutional Court is here to rule on the constitutionality of laws, as well as the institute of the constitutional complaint that protects human rights and fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, gives the Constitutional Court the role to decide on the constitutionality of some provisions of the law relating to expropriation proceedings, and deciding on the protection of constitutional rights that could be violated during the process of expropriation, however, to be included in the process of determination of compensation for expropriated property. Also, the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg by its judgments provides this protection within the proceedings relating to compensation for expropriated properties by protecting property and other fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its various protocols