POGLED NA AVICENINO ZNANJE O GASTOENTEROLOGIJI I NJEGOV DOPRINOS KORISNOSTI KLIZME

Avicenna (980-1037 AD), also known as Sheikh or-Raeis, was an Muslim philosopher, physician, surgeon, astronomer, politician, encyclopedist, and mathematician. Avicenna’s writings comprise of five books, know as the Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb (The Canon of Medicine) and the canon covers a wide variety of medical issues. This canon of medicine was the main reference for medical education in Western countries up until the 16th century and in the Middle East until the 19th century. Several chapters of the 3rd book of the Canon are devoted to a detailed description of gastrointestinal diseases including bowel obstruction, hemorrhoids anal fissures, perianal fistulas and perianal itching. Additionally, that same volume contains an illustration of an enema device. The aim of this paper was to present a brief review of Avicenna’s 11th century views on bowel obstruction and to present his description of an enema device that has remained relatively unnoticed until now. Finally, this article illustrates similarities between Avicenna’s explanation and modern medical science that celebrate Avicenna as an important contributor to medieval knowledge on gastrointestinal diseases, the science of which has been passed on to later generations.Avicenna (980.–1037.), poznat i kao Sheikh or-Raeis, bio je islamski filozof, liječnik, kirurg, astronom, političar, enciklopedist i matematičar. Dao je značajan i poseban doprinos kako islamskoj tako i zapadnjačkoj medicini, a koji je trajao stojećima nakon njegove smrti. Avicenina pisana djela sastoje se od pet knjiga, poznata kao Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb (Kanon medicine), koji pokriva široko područje medicinske problematike. Kanon medicine bio je glavna referencija u medicinskoj edukaciji u zapadnjačkim zemljama do 16. stoljeća, a u zemljama Srednjeg istoka do 19. stoljeća. Nekoliko poglavlja treće knjige Kanona posvećeno je detaljnu opisu gastrointestinalnih bolesti, uključujući opstrukciju crijeva, hemoroide, analne fisure, perianalne fistule i perianalni svrbež. Osim toga isti volumen sadrži ilustraciju klizme. Cilj ovog rada bio je ukratko prikazati Avicenino viđenje opstrukcije crijeva koji datira u 11. stoljeće i predstaviti njegov dosad relativno nepoznat opis klizme. Konačno, ovaj članak ilustrira sličnosti između Avicenina objašnjenja te onog suvremene medicinske znanosti, koja štuje Avicenu, značajnog prinositelja poznavanju gastrointestinalnih bolesti u srednjem vijeku, znanja koja je preneseno kasnijim generacijama