JESZCZE O SŁOWIAŃSKICH SPÓJNIKACH

U članku se govori o prirodi onih funkcionalnih riječi (polj. wyrazy funkcyjne, engl. function words, njem. Funktionwörter) koje se u tradicionalnom jezikoslovlju, odnosno u gramatikama i u većini radova nazivaju veznicima. Na temelju uvida u slavističku literaturu zaključuje se da se tim funkcionalnim riječima u nacionalnim lingvistikama pristupalo sporadično, istraživanja su se provodila raspršeno, primjenjivale su se različite metodologije, a rezultate gramatike često nisu bilježile. Iako je u posljednje vrijeme slavističko jezikoslovlje sve češće zainteresirano za taj tip funkcionalnih riječi, još ne postoje njihovi sintetički opisi i interpretacije. S obzirom na težinu problema članak ima karakter skice u kojoj se podsjeća na opće značajke tradicionalnih veznika, zatim daje kratak pregled metodologija dosadašnjih istraživanja te predlažu novi smjerovi istraživanja, i to ne samo tradicionalno shvaćenih veznika nego i šire – drugih veznih sredstava koja su nastala morfološkom derivacijom primarnih veznika ili njihovom funkcionalnom derivacijom. Izabrani dijakronijski aspekt u pristupu veznim sredstvima ima za cilj pokazati tendencije njihova evoluiranja. Rad ima odlike kontrastivnog pristupa jer se u istraživanju problema koristi uglavnom građa hrvatskoga (i šire štokavskog materijala) te poljskog, uz osvrt i na druge slavenske jezike.The paper focuses on the nature of those function words (Pol. wyrazyfunkcyjne, Cro. funkcionalne riječi, Germ. Funktionwörter) that, in traditional linguistics, that is, in grammar books and the majority of papers, are referred to as conjunctions. On the basis of analysis of literature on Slavic languages we conclude that national linguistics have treated these function words in a sporadic manner – studies were conducted in a manner that lacked focus, various methodologies were applied and the results were frequently not reported in grammar books. Although the interest of Slavic linguistics in this type of function words has been growing recently, no synthetic descriptions or interpretations of these words exist. Considering the severity of the issue, this paper is conceived as a sketch which first gives an overview of the general characteristics of traditional conjunctions, followed by a short overview of methodologies used in previous research and a proposal for new avenues of research of not just those words that are traditionally viewed as conjunctions, but also of other means that can be used for linking purposes and that are the result of morphological or functional derivation from primary conjunctions. The aim of the chosen diachronic approach to linking words is to demonstrate the tendencies in their evolution. The paper also employs the contrastive approach as it focuses on the materials from Croatian (Štokavian) and Polish, and some insights from other Slavic languages.W artykule, który ma charakter szkicu, prezentuje się najważniejsze dotychczasowe badania w zakresie słowiańskich spójników; w dalszej części pracy przywołuje się cechy spójnikow i środków, które stanowią rozszerzenie tradycyjnych spójników, i występują w bardziej rozwiniętych strukturach zdaniowych w tekście. Ostatnia część artykułu zawiera wybrane aspekty badań środków spajających w perspektywie diachronicznej i konfrontatywnej. Arykuł oparty jest przede wszystkim na materiale języka chorwackiego (i szerzej, z racji duzych podobieństw – sztokawskiego nawiązuje się także do innych języków, słowiańskich, np. bułgarskiego czy słowackiego