Ergonomija i medicina rada

Even in ancient times man wanted to accomplish work successfully with minimum energy input. Man\u27s attitude towards work and the factors that influenced it have been extensively studied by experts in industrial medicine, physiology and psychology, but also by engineers specialists in work study and organization. Unfortunately, research was usually separate and isolated. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a special field of work study in which an interdisciplinary approach would struggle to enlighten and explain all the factors influencing man\u27s work. This field comprises the area of occupational medicine and that of ergonomics. The optimal relationship of the three elements "man - workplace - environment" is determined by ergonomics. To achieve this goal it is necessary to define the influence of technology and environment on man. to establish ergonomie principles, and to carry them out by influencing production and by adapting machines, workplace and environment to man. This is extremely important in the new technological conditions charactenzed by the application of numerically controlled machines, flexible production, computer-aided activities and informatics-based work. Permanent involvement of industnal medicine in the study of modem production conditions is very important. Classical occupational diseases are vanishing but new ones including work-related diseases are emerging from workplaces ill adjusted to man. Ergonomie research need; to be interdisciplinary so that attitudes can be coordinated and postulations and principles respected when work is performed.Znanost o radu multidisciplinarnim pristupom nastoji osvijetliti i razjasniti sve ono što utječe na rad čovjeka. U tu oblast ulaze i područja medicine rada i ergonomije. Zadatak optimalnog oblikovanja djelovanja odnosa u sustavu „čovjek - radno mjesto – okoliš“ preuzelo je područje ergonomije, pri čemu je potrebno istražiti djelovanja tehnike, tehnologije i okoliša na čovjeka, donijeti ergonomska načela i primijeniti ih na stanje u proizvodnji prilagođujući strojeve, radna mjesta i okoliš čovjeku. To je osobito važno u novim proizvodno-tehnološkim uvjetima u kojima je temeljna karakteristika primjena numerički upravljanih strojeva, fleksibilna proizvodnja, računalom podržane sve djelatnosti i informatizacija rada. Potrebno je zato da medicina rada upravo u takvim modernim uvjetima provodi istraživanja i djeluje, tim više što se pomalo gube do sada poznate profesionalne bolesti, a pojavljuju se nove kao posljedica rada na radnim mjestima neprilagođenima čovjeku. Ergonomska istraživanja moraju se obavljati multidisciplinarno, ali se zatim - u interdisciplinarnom usklađivanju stavova -moraju stvarati postavke i načela kojih se prilikom izvođenja rada treba pridržavati