SHIPOWNERS\u27 LIABILITY FOR A SAFE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND RECYCLING OF SHIPS: EUROPEAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Autorica u radu ukazuje na pravne zasade sigurnog i ekološki prihvatljivog recikliranja brodova prema rješenjima europskih pravnih ishodišta. Iznošenjem modaliteta sustavnog nastojanja zaštite ljudskog zdravlja i morskog okoliša od negativnih učinaka recikliranja starih brodova na plažama trećih zemalja, odredbe Međunarodne konvencije o sigurnom i okolišno prihvatljivom recikliranju brodova – Hong Kong (2009) imale su neposredan učinak na nastojanje EU da unilateralnim pristupom postigne sigurnije i ekološki prihvatljivije recikliranje brodova koji plove pod zastavom države članice EU. Stoga je poseban naglasak rada stavljen na pravnu analizu Uredbe (EU) br. 1257/2013 Europskog Parlamenta i Vijeća od 20. studenoga 2013. god. o recikliranju brodova kako u odnosu na zahtjeve prema brodovlasnicima brodova država članica EU, tako i u odnosu na specifičnost rješenja o zahtjevima za brodove koji plove pod zastavom "trećih zemalja" a pristaju u luku ili sidrište države članice EU. Raspravljajući o učincima visoko postavljenih standarda recikliranja brodova na povećanje troškova poslovanja, autorica zaključuje kako će povećanje ekološko prihvatljivih standarda sigurnosti plovidbe i zaštite okoliša neupitno zahtijevati brzu i kvalitetnu prilagodbu brodovlasnika novim pravnim normama i troškovima poslovanja. Analizirajući ekološkopravna i ekonomska stajališta o utjecaju i učincima reciklažne industrije brodova na svjetsko pomorsko tržište, autorica naglašava kako se unilateralni pristup na europskoj razini – Uredba (EU) br. 1257/2013, obvezatno i u cijelosti izravno primjenjuje u državama članicama EU što s obzirom na međunarodni karakter problema sigurnog i ekološki prihvatljivog recikliranja brodova zahtijeva potrebu za postizanjem međunarodne jedoobraznosti.The author of this paper points to the legal principles of safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships with regard to the solutions of European legal origins. Presenting the modalities of systematic efforts to protect human health and the marine environment from negative effects of recycling old ships on the beaches of third countries, the International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships – Hong Kong (2009) exercised a direct impact on the EU efforts to achieve a unilateral approach to a safer and environmentally friendly recycling of ships flying the flag of a Member State. Therefore, the emphasis was placed on the legal analysis of Regulation (EU) No 1257/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 November 2013 on ship recycling in relation to the requirements for ships of the Member States, and in relation to specific solutions regarding the requirements for ships flying the flag of a third country when calling at a port or anchorage of a Member State. Discussing the effects of the high standards of ship recycling to an increase in the operating costs, the author concludes that the increase in environmentally friendly standards of the safety of navigation and the safety of environment will unquestionably require a fast and an efficient adjustment of the shipowners to new legal standards and operating costs. Analyzing ecological and economic perspectives on the impact and effects of the ship recycling industry on the shipping market, the author points out that unilateral approach at the European level – Regulation (EU) No 1257/2013 – is compulsory and entirely directly applicable in the Member States of the EU; this, considering the international nature of the problem of safe and environmentally friendly ship recycling, requires achieving international uniformity