SILVOPASTORAL KEEPING OF THE BLACK SLAVONIAN PIGS

Silvo pastoralni način držanja svinja podrazumijeva uzgoj svinja u šumama. U takvim uvjetima osnovu njihove hranidbe čine žir, bukvica, divlje voće, divlji kesten te kukci i gujavice. Navedeni način uzgoja svinja je ekološki prihvatljiv te osigurava prirodne uvjete držanja svinja, ne zahtijeva izgradnju skupih i modernih farmi, velike veterinarske troškove ili troškove hrane. Pasmine svinja pogodne za silvo-pastoralni uzgoj su autohtone pasmine, crna slavonska svinja i turopoljska svinja. Osim svinja, ovim načinom moguće je uzgajati i druge pasmine životinja (koze, ovce, konje, goveda). Šumski uzgoj crne slavonske svinje najveći potencijal ima u hrastovim šuma¬ma, no on se može provoditi i u šumama pitomog kestena ili bukve. Šume ne mogu osigurati dovoljnu količinu hrane tijekom cijele godine, no u kombinaciji s pašnjaci¬ma i strnjacima moguće je zadovoljiti hranidbene potrebe svinja. Radi sprječavanja križanja s divljim svinjama preporuča se držanje kastriranih svinja. Cilj silvo-pastoralnog načina uzgoja je omogućiti svinjama pašu ili žirovanje koji pašnjak i šuma mogu podnijeti bez degradacije. Prednosti ovakvog načina držanja svinja su manja financijska ulaganja, ekološka prihvatljivost i uzgoj u skladu s dobrobiti svinja. Kretanjem po šumskim površinama ostvaruje se pozitivan utjecaj na dobrobit i zdravlje svinja i kvalitetu konačnih proizvoda. Nedostaci ovog načina držanja su mogućnost uništavanja mladih stabala drveća, križanje s divljim pasminama svinja, povećanje brojnosti populacije te konkurencije divljih i domaćih pasmina svinja te mogućnost prijenosa zaraznih bolesti. Silvo-pastoralni način uzgoja svinja široko je rasprostranjen u Španjolskoj gdje je poznat uzgoj Iberijske svinje.Silvo pastoral keeping conditions include breeding pigs in a forest. In such conditions the basis of their nutrition are acorn, beechnuts, wild fruit, chestnut, insects and earthworms. Such pig farming is environmentally friendly and provides natural conditions for pigs, it does not require the construction of expensive and modern farms, high veterinary costs and food costs. Breeds of pig which are suitable for silvo pastoral system are indigenous breeds, Black Slavonian pig and Turopolje pig breeds. This can also be a way of breeding some other breeds of animals (goats, sheep, horses, cattle). The Black Slavonian pig has the greatest potential in oak forests, but it can be kept in the forests of chestnut and beech. Forests cannot provide enough food for pigs during the year, but in combination with pastures it is possible to satisfy the nutritional requirements of pigs. In order to prevent crossing with wild boar it is recommended to have the pigs castrated. The aim of silvo pastoral system is providing enough acorn or pasture without forest degradation. The advantages of this way of pig keeping are lower financial investments, ecological acceptability and farming in accordance with pigs welfare. Moving about in wooded areas has a positive effect on welfare and health of the pigs and the quality of the final product. The disadvantages of this farming method is possibility of damage to the young trees, crossing with wild boars, increasing the population size and competition of wild and domestic pig breeds and the possibility of spreading infectious diseases. Silvo pastoral system is widely spread in Spain, where is breeding of Iberian pigs well known