Applying Activity Theory to the Universal Design and Development on Kitchenware for Visually Impaired

[[abstract]]生活中，如何讓視障者能主動的接觸訊息，輕易的操作及運用日常生活產品，一直是相當重要的課題，不論是先天或後天的殘缺，都使得他們比明眼人更加的辛苦，尤其以視障者來說又更為艱辛，在無法看見任何人事物的情況下，僅能靠著聽覺、觸覺等感官接觸一切。 本研究的架構可分為四個階段進行：（1）第一階段資料蒐集：蒐集視障相關文獻報告，以做為研究進行之理論基礎並界定出研究目標；（2）第二階段觀察與彙整分析：而研究之方法主要透過觀察與視障者之間的訪談的方式，經由與 5 位視障者的面對面訪談及對於年齡 25~55 歲居住在臺南地區的28 位視障者發放問卷，來得知使用餐廚用品的習慣與困難點，而因近年來許多研究學者運用活動理論以識別人類活動中的矛盾與缺失，進而解決生活中的問題。然而活動理論之應用方法並未被完全的開發與探討，因此本研究試以活動理論之分析方法與特色應用於產品設計，探討人與器物之間的互動關係。分析後，則使用餐廚用品活動的五個產品類別：調味料罐、筷匙、砧板、刀具、調味料罐、碗盤；（3）第三階段評估與驗證：透過分析完的結果再設計多樣產品類型草圖再從初步問卷的 28 位視障受測者中隨機抽取 20 位來實施可行性評價問卷，篩選出能解決較多問題的概念草圖，達到需求後來加強、改良，之後設計出成品後再實施產品驗證，驗證題目以通用設計 7 大原則與安全性訂定，以確立應用此模式之驗證實例的可信度和可效度；（4）第四階段結果與討論：統整所做的分析、檢討、觀察自炊情形資料，考慮到未來設計創作的開發，彙整出建議方向加以改進。本研究以視障者觀點探討居家生活產品研究與設計以餐廚用品為例，進行設計程序實施，並產出能解決視障者使用餐廚用品上不便的產品。[[abstract]]In the life how to make the visually impaired take the initiative to contact information and easy to operate and use the product in daily life for them has been a very important issue Whether it is congenital or acquired defects it has made them more difficult than normal person they only can not see anything in the case we can only rely on auditory tactile and other sensory contact with everything Study architecture is divided into four stages: (1) The first stage of data collection: Collect relevant literature reports of visually impaired to be used as the theoretical basis of the research and define research objectives; (2) The second stage of observation and aggregated analysis: through observation and interviews to 5 visually impaired people between face to face interviews and for 28 visually impaired people of ages 25 to 55 years old living in the Tainan to do surveys to know to use food supplies diet and difficult point After the analysis in the course of five frequently used product categories are: seasoning cans chopsticks and spoons cutting boards knives seasoning cans dishes; (3) The third stage of the assessment and verification: Through complete analysis of the results of re-design and diverse product type sketch and then to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a questionnaire from the preliminary questionnaire of 28 visually impaired people were randomly selected from 20 to filter out to solve many problems of concept sketches Verify subject to the seven principles of universal design and safety set in order to establish the credibility of this mode of authentication application instance and validity; (4) The fourth stage of the results and discussion: review observation orientation to be aggregated recommendations to improv