A Study on Japanese Conditional Expressions:Based on Elementary Level Textbook Analysis

[[abstract]]條件表現為初級日語學習項目中重要之課題，直到學習者能夠正確運用為止，可以說是需要花費相當多的時間。其原因為，4種條件表現無法完全對應於中文翻譯，彼此也可進行代換。即使可代換使用，所表達出的語感也有所不同。 對於條件表現之學習，存在著教師指導方式等影響因素，而本研究針對教材之編撰順序、編撰方法、例句等進行考察。關於研究方法，本研究所挑選出的9本教科書中，針對4種條件表現有無收錄、收錄順序、文法功能及句尾表現進行調查。在文法功 能調查結果中，日語母語者之判斷可分為完全一致、部分一致、完全不一致之3種類型，不論是何種條件表現，皆因母語者 對事項之認知及解釋上的差異而產生了不同的判斷。因此可歸咎於例句的背景說明不夠完整。而在句尾表現調查中，得知使用最多的類型皆是基本形。其中，對於「ば（BA）」句尾較為特殊的使用限制幾乎沒有相關說明，似乎無法清楚地傳達予學習者。 為了能夠更加正確且清楚地進行條件表現之指導，教師方面不僅需要解說4種條件表現的意思及句尾表現，還需針對各自的原始意思(prototype)與句尾使用限制相互連結，並詳細說明例句背景。如此一來，學習者也能夠更加理解其中之差異性，而更加容易學習。[[abstract]]The use of conditional expressions has been an important lesson for beginning Japanese learners It often takes much time for the beginners to fully acquire and use conditional expressions correctly One of the reasons is that the four conditional expressions are not correspondent to the Chinese translations Another is the exchangeability among the four conditional expressions In addition despite the exchangeability the nuance of each expression varies The acquisition of conditional expressions is affected by teachers’ teaching approaches and many other factors This thesis will survey on the order of editing the method of editing the sentence examples and so on As to the research approach this thesis conducted a research from the chosen nine textbooks on the following four parts: the enlisting of the four conditional expressions the enlisting orders the grammatical functions and the variations of sentence ending Concerning the result of the research on grammatical functions Japanese native speakers’ judgments on conditional expressions can be divided into three types: totally consistent partially consistent and totally inconsistent The inconsistent judgments mentioned above are due to the different cognitions and interpretations among individual Japanese native speakers Thus it can be concluded that the explanations on the backgrounds of the sentence examples are not proficiently provided Concerning the result of the research on variations of sentence ending it is observed that the root form is mostly commonly used On the other hand there are hardly any relevant explanations on the limits of special usages of “BA” ending sentences provided making it especially difficult for learners to fully understand the meanings In order to give a more accurate and clearer instruction on conditional expressions teachers are required to not only explain the meanings and sentence endings of the four conditional expressions but also associate the prototypes of each conditional expression with their limits of sentence ending usages and then illustrate the backgrounds of sentence examples This way learners should be able to further understand the differences and acquire the conditional expressions more easil