A Study on Risk Elements of Project Management

[[abstract]]專案風險管理在專案管理的生命週期中是非常重要的，若不對專案風險進行識別、量化及管控，這些風險就有可能對專案造成影響，造成無法達成在有限的時間和金錢下，完成符合專案目標的最高利益。本研究依專案經費提供者、專案經費規模及專案類型作區分，並利用風險矩陣法來分析專案風險類別及因子在這三種區分下有無風險程度上的差異以及其最關切的風險為何。另外，也針對風險準備金進行調查，藉以了解一般業界對專案風險準備金的需求為何。 本研究分析發現所有專案負責人皆認為風險程度最高的是「組織」類的風險因子，專案的規模不論大小，或多或少需要跨部門或組織的資源來協助，若不重視這類風險因子，可能會影響整個專案的推動，甚至目標的達成。然而「組織」類的風險因子較無法用風險準備金來解決，需要倚賴專案負責人的溝通及協調等管理技巧來預防此類風險因子的發生或降低其對專案進行的衝擊。此外本研究發現有高風險程度的類別尚有「專案範圍」、「專案時程」和「專案成本」等。對於與這些風險類別有關的風險因子，專案負責人在進行專案規劃時，就要作好識別的工作，了解風險來源，分析其風險程度高低，作好風險回應的規劃，進而進行監控的行動。另外，這類的風險若發生的話，其後果往往是造成專案時程延長及成本增加，通常是需要預留風險準備金來因應，以降低其造成專案目標達成的衝擊。[[abstract]]The management of project risk is important to the life cycle time of project management If the project risk cannot be identified analyzed and controlled then it might impact the project performance and the goal couldn’t be delivered within limited time frame and cost In this research the project risk elements will be analyzed through the method of probability-impact matrix The difference of ranking of risk elements and the most concerned risk elements will be analyzed and discussed per the project funding provider the project funding size and the project types Besides the reserve for addressing risk elements will be studied in this research In this research it was found that the risk elements of organization are concerned mostly by all project leaders Generally the project leaders often require the resource from internal or external organization If the risk elements of organization cannot be managed it will impact the process of project and cause project failure However the risk elements of organization cannot be addressed by the reserve but the management skill of communication and coordination The project leaders need to do well communication and coordination across the organization to avoid this kind of risk elements Besides it was observed that the risk elements related to project scope project time and project cost are concerned highly by the project leaders as well The project leaders need to focus on these highly concerned project risk elements especially when they proceed to the project risk management Through the flow of risk management the project leaders can create the risk management planning to address these risk elements with high concern Typically the risk elements related to project scope project time and project cost will result in either the delay of project time or the increase of project cost The project leaders can prepare the reserve to address or reduce the impact The analysis of project reserve is revealed in this researc