The effect of root architecture on the shearing resistance of root-permeated soils

[[abstract]]This paper aims to investigate the effect of the root architecture on the shear strength increment provided by plant roots in the soil. In situ shear tests were conducted for this purpose. Five plant species – Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Linden hibiscus), Mallotus japonicus (Thunb.) Muell.-Arg. (Japanese Mallotus), Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. (Chinese tallow tree), Casuarina equisetifolia L. (ironwood), and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) (white popinac) – were used in this study. Tensile tests on roots of various diameters and surveys on the root system structure were carried out for each of the plant species tested. The shear strength increments (ΔS) provided by the roots of Linden hibiscus, Japanese Mallotus, Chinese tallow tree, ironwood, and white popinac were 0.34tR, 0.462tR, 0.688tR, 0.3tR, and 0.87tR, respectively, when tR was estimated on the basis of the tensile root strength crossing through the shear plane. The shear strength increment provided by plant roots with conspicuous oblique and vertical roots was greater than that of root structures in which lateral roots were dominant. In comparison with other types of root architecture, the R-type root architecture was found to be the most effective root system against shear failure in the soil. Its shear strength increment was slightly greater than that with the V-type root architecture, followed by the VH-type root architecture. The shear strength increment provided by plants with the H-type root architecture was less effective than that contributed by plant species with other types of root architecture