Performance Assessment in Logistics Techniques: Patent Mapping Approach

[[abstract]]專利是一項用來衡量企業創新績效的熱門指標，可提升營運績效，對成本與服務有正面的影響，因此本研究透過對物流技術專利進行專利地圖分析。在專業物流公司投入大量成本於物流硬體設備及資訊科技應用的同時，是否能提高經營績效，將成為專業物流公司最關心的議題。因此本研究亦利用資料包絡法(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)評估專業物流公司之經營績效，利用1個產出變數及5個投入變數進行經營效率的分析，接著將專業物流公司以經營型態與成立時間進行分類，並以M-W檢定進行檢定，之後對研發能力的投入及資訊科技應用與經營效率進行Pearson相關分析，以探討兩項因素對專業物流公司經營績效的影響。 研究發現，物流技術層次在近年來不斷提升，物流資訊系統專利已成為技術主流；而引證次數會因國別、IPC類型而有所不同，但不會因公告延遲而有所差異。在物流公司績效評估方面，由CCR模型，我們可發現達整體有效率者有7家公司，而未達效率者有26家公司；整體平均效率值為0.4664，其經濟上的意義為在現有的產出水準下，平均多使用了53.36%的資源，顯示整體專業物流公司投入資源的運用效率仍有很大的改善空間。另外，技術無效率的主因來自於規模無效率，因此為改善專業物流公司的經營效率，必須擴大其規模以達固定規模報酬。研究進一步發現，公司經營型態及成立年齡並不會影響績效值，而研發能力及資訊科技的應用對績效有重大影響。 關鍵字：專利、物流、DEA[[abstract]]Patent is a popular indicator used for evaluating innovation performance in companies. It can enhance operation performance, thus having a positive influence on cost and service. Therefore, through logistics technique patent, this study established a systematic patent map analysis. However, the most concerned issue for professional logistics companies will be whether they can enhance operation performance while spending a great deal on logistics hardware equipments and information technology applications. Therefore, DEAis adopted in this study to evaluate the operation performances of professional logistics companies. One output variance and five input variance are used to carry out the analysis of operation efficiency. Then companies are sorted according to operation patterns, then examined by M-W test. After that, investment on R&D capacity, IT application and operation efficiency are used in Pearson correlation analysis, to discuss the two factors’ influence on the operation performance of professional logistics companies. Researches show that logistics techniques have been upgraded in recent years. Logistics information system patent has become the mainstream of techniques. And citation frequency varies in accordance with nations and IPC types, but it will not change due to the delay of notice. As logistics company performance evaluation is concerned, through CCR model we found 7 companies with an overall efficiency and 26 companies with inefficiency. The overall average efficiency is 0.4664. The economical significance is that, logistics companies used an additional 53.36% resource under current producing capacity. This shows that there is still great room for improvement for the efficiency of resource application of all professional logistics companies. Besides, technical inefficiency is mainly due to scale inefficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the operation efficiency of professional logistics companies, we need to enlarge their scale to reach a fixed scale profit. The research further showed that company operation pattern and its age have no influence on efficiency; R&D capacity and IT application have great impact on performance. Keywords: Patent, Logistics, DE