Safety Culture Assessment in Hotel Industry

[[abstract]]本研究以觀光旅館業從業人員作為研究對象，根據文獻發展安全文化評量表包含11個向度，共計57個題項作為研究工具，衡量方式採用李克特五尺度量表。問卷共發出450份，回收有效樣本為317份(70.44%)，以SPSS 14.0統計軟體進行分析。 研究結果顯示，以雷達圖呈現整體安全文化之現況，整體安全文化向度百分比分數達80.92 分。職務別的安全文化百分比分數，管理層級從業人員較具有安全文化意識，皆明顯高於非管理職；不同組織特性百分比分數結果顯示以榮獲許多安全衛生環保獎項（B 飯店）在安全文化的知覺程度上優於其他飯店。經t 檢定、ANOVA 分析及事後檢定，瞭解觀光旅館業成員背景變項在安全文化的知覺上皆 達顯著差異，依研究成果，觀光旅館產業應對女性從業人員、年輕工作族群（25歲以下）、未婚者、年資較淺者及非管理層級之從業人員等族群，加強提升其安全文化知覺；以「年齡」、「服務年資」等變項與整體安全文化有顯著正向影響關係；「性別」、「教育程度」、「婚姻狀況」、「擔任職務」、「職災經歷」等變項與整體安全文化有顯著負向影響關係。最後本研究依據此安全文化量表，建立觀光旅館業安全文化常模，其結果以提供實務界作為安全文化診斷與持續改善介入點之工具。 現階段應優先加強保健活動、安全獎懲及安全溝通的提升，以促進從業人員安全的意識及塑造優質之安全文化，共同締造安全健康的工作環境，激勵員工士氣以建立優良的商譽、增強市場之優勢。[[abstract]]This research takes employees of tourist and hotel industries as the object of study. According to the literature development, 11 dimensions for the safety culture scale are included, and there are 57 topic items as the research tool. The method of evaluation adopts five-point scale of Likert. 450 questionnaires were distributed and 317 effective samples were retrieved (70.44%). SPSS 14.0 is used to analyze. The research findings show that the entire safety culture status is presented by a radar chart and the percentage score of the entire safety culture dimension reaches 80.92. The percentage scores of safety culture in position types are higher and the employees in managerial hierarchy have more safety culture consciousness than non-managerial positions. The result of percentage scores in different organizational characteristics show that the level of safety culture consciousness for (Hotel B) winning many awards for health and safety environment is better than other hotels. Through t test, ANOVA analysis and post hoc test, we find out that the background variables for employees of tourist and hotel industries in safety culture consciousness are significantly different. According to the research findings, tourist and hotel industries should emphasize and upgrade the safety culture consciousness for female employees, young working groups (age below 25), unmarried persons, the persons who have less years of service and the employees of non-managerial hierarchy. As for relevant variables, the variables of “age” and “years of service” have an obvious positive impact on the entire safety culture. The variables of “gender”, “education background”, “marriage status”, “and post of job” and “experiences of occupational accidents” have an obvious negative influence on the entire safety culture. At last, this research builds up the norms of safety culture in tourist and hotel industries according to this safety culture scale and the results will be offered to the field of practitioners as the safety culture analysis and the tool for improving the intervention point. In current stage, enhancing health activities, prize and penalty for safety and upgrading the safety communications shall be the priorities to promote the safety consciousness of employees and make a safety culture with high quality, create a safe and healthy working environment, encourage employees’ morale to establish a good business reputation and increase the market advantage