A Study of Supply Chain System for Semiconductor Industry in Taiwan

[[abstract]]本研究主要以學者及學術機構所提出的供應鏈之程序整合與管理及參考供應鏈管理文獻以及半導體產業之現況做法，整理、歸納出半導體產業供應鏈架構。 本研究之半導體供應鏈架構乃是以供應鏈管理程序為「經」，供應鏈管理績效評量及關鍵成功因素與障礙為「緯」，構織出供應鏈管理架構，以作為半導體實施供應鏈管理之參考。半導體產業依循供應鏈管理程序三大主軸－需求計劃、供應計劃、需求達成，實施產品設計研發管理、需求預測管理、供應商管理、生產管理、配銷管理、顧客關係管理等程序，且評核供應鏈管理績效以強化優點與改進缺點，並掌握關鍵成功因素與排除障礙，最終目的使企業以一種獲利的方式來監控與管理訂單允諾，符客戶需求。 本研究以台灣半導體業之晶圓廠、封裝測試廠及材料供應商等上中下游實證分析半導體供應鏈體系，研究結果如下： （1） 供應鏈夥伴對供應鏈管理觀念認識不深，缺乏認知與了解整體概念。 （2） 供應鏈同步發展製程與協作，並融入供應商技術，創造產品價值。 （3） 雖然晶圓廠日程需求預測與真正投產差異大，但每月總量差異皆能控制在協議百分比內。 （4） 個案供應鏈因產品屬性及為代工業，較難以實施製造與物流延遲策略以及供應商管理存貨或共同管理存貨。 （5） 資訊化未普遍，只限於生產方面且資訊交換與分享亦未能大幅地開放。 （6） 個案供應鏈尚未能體會領悟出實施供應鏈之關鍵成功因素與障礙。 （7） 經濟產業環境對半導體產業產生衝擊，客戶的動向驅使業者之經營決策跟隨客戶亦步亦趨，接近市場及顧客的經營模式似乎是台灣半導體業之未來目標。 有鑑於上述研究結果，本研究也提出建議供台灣半導體業實施供應鏈管理之參考。[[abstract]]This study is mainly based on intergrating and managing supply chain management（SCM）, initiated by scholars and academic institutions, also refers to other supply chain literatures and current operations for semiconductor industry to organize the theoretical framework of supply chain management for semiconductor industry. The study provide for practitioner for semiconductor industry a supply chain framework, which is formed by supply chain management process longitudinally and performance measurement as well as key success factor latitudinally. It guide semiconductor industries to follow supply chain management streams, which includes demand plan, supply plan, and demand fulfillment and implement specifically products development, demand forecast, supplier management, production management, distribution management, and customer relationship, and measure supply chain performance to enforce the strengths and improve weakness, meanwhile recognize key success factors and remove hurdle. The ultimate purpose of supply chain management is to monitor and manage customers’ order commitment in a profitable way. This study empirically tests supply chain management for semiconductor wafer fabrication, packaging subcontractor, and packaging raw mterials supplier in Taiwan with our research model, and its research finding is as follows： 1. Supply chain in all levels do not fully realize and understand the concept and core meaning of SCM 2. A case of supply chain develope products and process technologies collaboratively and put early supplier involvement which is to create total value. 3. A big deviation exists between daily demand forecast and actual die loading in wafer fabrication, but monthly deviation can be controlled within a agreed fluctuation percentage. 4. As the attribute of semiconductor and a case of supply chain is foundry and subcontractor, it is difficult to perform postponement strategy and vendor-managed inventory or co-managed inventory. 5. Computerization is only for production side, and information exchange and sharing also is not open to packaging subcontractors in a magnitude way 6. A case of supply chain is not seemed to realize and figure out key success factors of SCM. 7. Economic environment will be a big impact on semiconductor industry. In the future in order to survive, semiconductor industry in Taiwan need to approach to get access to their customers and the market. In light of research results as above, this study also suggest improvement action for practitioners for semiconductor industry in Taiwan